| Ouvrage Coucou | |
|---|---|
| Part of Maginot Line | |
| Northeast France | |
| Coordinates | 49°20′00″N6°23′35″E / 49.33333°N 6.39306°E |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Private |
| Controlled by | France |
| Open to the public | No |
| Site history | |
| Materials | Concrete, steel, deep excavation |
| Battles/wars | Battle of France, Lorraine Campaign |
| Ouvrage Coucou | |
|---|---|
| Type of work: | Small artillery work (Petit ouvrage) |
| sector └─sub-sector | Fortified Sector of Boulay └─Hombourg-Budange |
| Work number: | A20 |
| Regiment: | 164th Fortress Infantry Regiment (RIF) |
| Number of blocks: | 2 |
| Strength: | 3 officers, 113 men in June 1940 |
Mamp pro mac free. Thank you to everyone who has reached out to us during this difficult time. As you might expect, all of our gigs are on hold at this time. We hope to resume our regular schedule of weekly gigs at the Waterloo once this is all sorted out. Created by Robin French, Kieron Quirke. With Greg Davies, Helen Baxendale, Tyger Drew-Honey, Kenneth Collard. Cuckoo is every parent's worst nightmare - a slacker full of outlandish, New Age ideas. Www.Cou-Co.com, the pharmacy resource for coupons, co-pay and educational resources.
Ouvrage Coucou is a lesser work (petit ouvrage) of the Maginot Line, located in the Fortified Sector of Boulay. The ouvrage consists of two infantry blocks, and is located between the gros ouvrages of Hackenberg and Mont des Welches, facing Germany, just north of Kemplich.
Design and construction[edit]
Coucou was approved for construction by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, in June 1930 and became operational by 1935,[1] at a cost of 12 million francs.[2] The contractor was Enterprise de Travaille de Fortification.[3]
Description[edit]
Coucou is a petit ouvrage[nb 1] with two combat blocks, overlooking the village of Kemplich. The blocks are linked by an underground gallery with barracks and a utility area (usine).[6] The galleries are excavated at an average depth of up to 30 metres (98 ft).[7]
- Block 1: infantry/entry block with one automatic rifle cloche (GFM), three automatic rifle embrasures and one 37mm anti-tank gun (JM/AC37) embrasure.[8]
- Block 2: infantry block with two GFM cloches, one retractable machine gun turret, two machine gun embrasures and one 47mm anti-tank gun (JM/AC47) embrasure.[9]
In addition, the ouvrage was linked to the Abri du Coucou[nb 2] by an 80-metre (260 ft) underground gallery. The above-ground infantry shelter was armed with two GFM cloches and five automatic rifle embrasures. It possessed its own generating plant.[6][11] Other nearby posts include:
- Abri des Chênes-Brûlés: Subterranean infantry shelter (abri-caverne) with two GFM cloches.
- Observatoire des Chênes-Brûlés: Observation post with one VP observation cloche and one GFM cloche, reporting to Mont-des-Welches.[6]
An observation block was planned for a second phase, never executed, directly over the caserne.[6]
Manning[edit]
In June 1940 the garrison comprised 113 men and 3 officers of the 164th Fortress Infantry Regiment (RIF). The commanding officer was Chef d'Escadron Ebrard until 13 June 1940, succeeded by Captain Roques.[6]
The Casernement de Veckring provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Coucou and other positions in the area.[6][12]
History[edit]
- See Fortified Sector of Boulay for a broader discussion of the Boulay sector of the Maginot Line.
Coucou played no significant role in either the Battle of France in 1940 or the Lorraine Campaign of 1944. After the Second World War it became part of the Mòle de Boulay, a strongpoint in the northeastern defenses against Soviet attack.[13]Coucou remained under Army control until after 1971, when it was declassified and sold.[14]
Current[edit]
The property is privately owned.[15]
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^English-language sources use the French term ouvrage as the preferred term for the Maginot positions, in preference to 'fort', a term usually reserved for older fortifications with passive defenses in the form of walls and ditches.[4] The literal translation of ouvrage in the sense of a fortification in English is 'work.' A gros ouvrage is a large fortification with a significant artillery component, while a petit ouvrage is smaller, with lighter arms.[5]
- ^An abri is an infantry shelter, sometimes underground or under earth cover. An abri in the main Maginot Line often closely resembles a casemate, but is more lightly armed and can hold more occupants.[10]
References[edit]
- ^Kaufmann 2006, p. 25
- ^Wahl, J.B. 'Infanteriewerk (P.O.) Coucou — A20' (in German). darkplaces.org. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
- ^Mary, Tome 1, p. 52
- ^Kaufmann 2006, p.13
- ^Kaufmann 2006, p. 20
- ^ abcdefMary, Tome 3, p. 102
- ^Mary, Tome 2, p. 117
- ^Puelinckx, Jean; Aublet, Jean-Louis; Mainguin, Sylvie (2010). 'Coucou (po A20 du) Bloc 1'. Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
- ^Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). 'Coucou (po A20 du) Bloc 2'. Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
- ^Kaufmann 2006, p. 14
- ^Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). 'Coucou (abri du)'. Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
- ^Wahl, J.B. 'Festungsabschnitt Boulay' (in German). darkplaces.org. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^Mary, Tome 5, p.171
- ^Mary, Tome 5, p. 175
- ^Donnell, Clayton. 'Off the Beaten Path'. The Maginot Line. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
Bibliography[edit]
- Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003. ISBN1-84176-646-1
- Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006. ISBN0-275-98345-5
- Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011. ISBN978-1-84884-068-3
- Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001. ISBN2-908182-88-2(in French)
- Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. ISBN2-908182-97-1(in French)
- Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. ISBN2-913903-88-6(in French)
- Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009. ISBN978-2-35250-127-5(in French)
External links[edit]
- L'ouvrage du Coucou at alsacemaginot.com (in French)
- Coucou (petit ouvrage A20 du) at fortiff.be (in French)
- Petit ouvrage du Coucou at lignemaginot.com (in French)
| Conservation status | critical[1]:56 |
|---|---|
| Other names | |
| Country of origin | Belgium |
| Traits | |
| Weight |
|
| Egg colour | cream-coloured |
| Comb type | single |
| Classification | |
| EE | yes[2] |
|
The Coucou des Flandres, Dutch: Vlaanderse Koekoek, is a critically-endangered Belgian breed of domestic chicken. It may have a common origin with the Malines from the area of Mechelen (French: Malines), in the province of Antwerp in Flanders, or may indeed represent the original type of that breed before it was cross-bred in the nineteenth century with various different types of imported Oriental chicken. By the time of the First World War it had disappeared; it was re-created in the years before the Second World War. It is critically endangered in Belgium, but more numerous in Picardy in France. It may also be known as the Poulet de Dendre, for the Dender river in its area of origin.[3]
History[edit]
The origins of the Coucou des Flandres are unknown. It may have existed for hundreds of years. It is apparently related to the Malines from the area of Mechelen (French: Malines), in the province of Antwerp in Flanders. It may perhaps represent the original type of the Malines breed before it was cross-bred in the nineteenth century with various different types of imported Oriental chicken including birds brought from Shanghai, China, to the zoological gardens of Antwerp as well as Brahma, Langshan and Cochin birds.[1]:49
The Coucou des Flandres had disappeared by the time of the First World War, but was re-created in the years before the Second World War. It is critically endangered in Belgium, where in 2005 a census found only 53 birds.[1]:49 It is more numerous in northern Picardy in France.[4]
Design and construction[edit]
Coucou was approved for construction by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, in June 1930 and became operational by 1935,[1] at a cost of 12 million francs.[2] The contractor was Enterprise de Travaille de Fortification.[3]
Description[edit]
Coucou is a petit ouvrage[nb 1] with two combat blocks, overlooking the village of Kemplich. The blocks are linked by an underground gallery with barracks and a utility area (usine).[6] The galleries are excavated at an average depth of up to 30 metres (98 ft).[7]
- Block 1: infantry/entry block with one automatic rifle cloche (GFM), three automatic rifle embrasures and one 37mm anti-tank gun (JM/AC37) embrasure.[8]
- Block 2: infantry block with two GFM cloches, one retractable machine gun turret, two machine gun embrasures and one 47mm anti-tank gun (JM/AC47) embrasure.[9]
In addition, the ouvrage was linked to the Abri du Coucou[nb 2] by an 80-metre (260 ft) underground gallery. The above-ground infantry shelter was armed with two GFM cloches and five automatic rifle embrasures. It possessed its own generating plant.[6][11] Other nearby posts include:
- Abri des Chênes-Brûlés: Subterranean infantry shelter (abri-caverne) with two GFM cloches.
- Observatoire des Chênes-Brûlés: Observation post with one VP observation cloche and one GFM cloche, reporting to Mont-des-Welches.[6]
An observation block was planned for a second phase, never executed, directly over the caserne.[6]
Manning[edit]
In June 1940 the garrison comprised 113 men and 3 officers of the 164th Fortress Infantry Regiment (RIF). The commanding officer was Chef d'Escadron Ebrard until 13 June 1940, succeeded by Captain Roques.[6]
The Casernement de Veckring provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Coucou and other positions in the area.[6][12]
History[edit]
- See Fortified Sector of Boulay for a broader discussion of the Boulay sector of the Maginot Line.
Coucou played no significant role in either the Battle of France in 1940 or the Lorraine Campaign of 1944. After the Second World War it became part of the Mòle de Boulay, a strongpoint in the northeastern defenses against Soviet attack.[13]Coucou remained under Army control until after 1971, when it was declassified and sold.[14]
Current[edit]
The property is privately owned.[15]
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^English-language sources use the French term ouvrage as the preferred term for the Maginot positions, in preference to 'fort', a term usually reserved for older fortifications with passive defenses in the form of walls and ditches.[4] The literal translation of ouvrage in the sense of a fortification in English is 'work.' A gros ouvrage is a large fortification with a significant artillery component, while a petit ouvrage is smaller, with lighter arms.[5]
- ^An abri is an infantry shelter, sometimes underground or under earth cover. An abri in the main Maginot Line often closely resembles a casemate, but is more lightly armed and can hold more occupants.[10]
References[edit]
- ^Kaufmann 2006, p. 25
- ^Wahl, J.B. 'Infanteriewerk (P.O.) Coucou — A20' (in German). darkplaces.org. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
- ^Mary, Tome 1, p. 52
- ^Kaufmann 2006, p.13
- ^Kaufmann 2006, p. 20
- ^ abcdefMary, Tome 3, p. 102
- ^Mary, Tome 2, p. 117
- ^Puelinckx, Jean; Aublet, Jean-Louis; Mainguin, Sylvie (2010). 'Coucou (po A20 du) Bloc 1'. Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
- ^Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). 'Coucou (po A20 du) Bloc 2'. Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
- ^Kaufmann 2006, p. 14
- ^Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). 'Coucou (abri du)'. Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
- ^Wahl, J.B. 'Festungsabschnitt Boulay' (in German). darkplaces.org. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^Mary, Tome 5, p.171
- ^Mary, Tome 5, p. 175
- ^Donnell, Clayton. 'Off the Beaten Path'. The Maginot Line. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
Bibliography[edit]
- Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003. ISBN1-84176-646-1
- Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006. ISBN0-275-98345-5
- Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011. ISBN978-1-84884-068-3
- Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001. ISBN2-908182-88-2(in French)
- Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. ISBN2-908182-97-1(in French)
- Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. ISBN2-913903-88-6(in French)
- Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009. ISBN978-2-35250-127-5(in French)
External links[edit]
- L'ouvrage du Coucou at alsacemaginot.com (in French)
- Coucou (petit ouvrage A20 du) at fortiff.be (in French)
- Petit ouvrage du Coucou at lignemaginot.com (in French)
| Conservation status | critical[1]:56 |
|---|---|
| Other names | |
| Country of origin | Belgium |
| Traits | |
| Weight |
|
| Egg colour | cream-coloured |
| Comb type | single |
| Classification | |
| EE | yes[2] |
|
The Coucou des Flandres, Dutch: Vlaanderse Koekoek, is a critically-endangered Belgian breed of domestic chicken. It may have a common origin with the Malines from the area of Mechelen (French: Malines), in the province of Antwerp in Flanders, or may indeed represent the original type of that breed before it was cross-bred in the nineteenth century with various different types of imported Oriental chicken. By the time of the First World War it had disappeared; it was re-created in the years before the Second World War. It is critically endangered in Belgium, but more numerous in Picardy in France. It may also be known as the Poulet de Dendre, for the Dender river in its area of origin.[3]
History[edit]
The origins of the Coucou des Flandres are unknown. It may have existed for hundreds of years. It is apparently related to the Malines from the area of Mechelen (French: Malines), in the province of Antwerp in Flanders. It may perhaps represent the original type of the Malines breed before it was cross-bred in the nineteenth century with various different types of imported Oriental chicken including birds brought from Shanghai, China, to the zoological gardens of Antwerp as well as Brahma, Langshan and Cochin birds.[1]:49
The Coucou des Flandres had disappeared by the time of the First World War, but was re-created in the years before the Second World War. It is critically endangered in Belgium, where in 2005 a census found only 53 birds.[1]:49 It is more numerous in northern Picardy in France.[4]
Characteristics[edit]
The Coucou des Flandres has only one plumage variety, cuckoo.[2] The comb is single; the legs are pinkish-white and unfeathered.[1]:49
Coucou 1 0 2 Sezonas
Use[edit]
Coucou des Flandres hens lay about 150 cream-coloured eggs per year, with a weight of about 60 g.[1]:56 They are good mothers and good sitters.[1]:49
References[edit]
- ^ abcdefghN. Moula, M. Jacquet, A. Verelst, N. Antoine-Moussiaux, F. Farnir, P. Leroy (2012). Les races de poules belges (in French). Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire156: 37-65. Accessed January 2017.
- ^ abListe des races et variétés homologuée dans les pays EE (28.04.2013). Entente Européenne d'Aviculture et de Cuniculture. Archived 16 June 2013.
- ^Breed data sheet: Vlaanderse Koekoek/Belgium. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2017.
- ^Breed data sheet: Coucou des Flandres/France. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2017.
Coucou 1 0 24
Further reading[edit]
Coucou 1 0 2 0
- J.-M. Larivière, J. Detilleux, P. Leroy (2011). Estimates of inbreeding rates in forty traditional Belgian chicken breeds populations = Schätzung des Inzuchtgrades bei vierzig einheimischen Belgischen Hühnerrassen. Archiv für Geflügelkunde75 (1): 1- 6.
Coucou 1 0 20
